基于现场实测的缓倾硬性结构面连通率统计          下载免费PDF全文

胡耀飞  张勇  靳晓光 《水文地质工程地质》2011,38(4):78-81

通过对缓倾角硬性结构面数据的分析、判别,现场实测结构面几何特征的各基本要素,如结构面坐标、结构面产状、结构面间距、结构面的连续性、结构面迹长等,运用三维空间投影图解,最终求解结构面连通率,取代以往现场用线连通率经验判断的传统模式。本方法已应用于水电工程施工过程,效果良好。  相似文献   

任意位移模式刚性挡土墙土压力研究     

卢坤林  朱大勇  杨扬 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z1):370-0375

改进了水平层分析法,用于计算任意位移模式的土压力分布。对不同位移模式下水平微分单元进行受力分析,认为位移模式只影响了层间等效内摩擦角。根据前人提出的内摩擦角逐渐发挥的概念,将层间等效内摩擦角与挡土墙位移模式联系起来,并应用到水平层分析法中,实现了能够定量反映位移模式的土压力计算方法。分析表明：随位移模式变化,土压力合力大小始终保持不变且与库仑理论计算结果相一致,土压力分布和合力作用点则变化显著。试验数据验证了方法的合理性和可靠性。研究成果可供刚性挡土墙土压力计算参考  相似文献   

Combining Decision Trees with Angle Indices to Identify Mangrove Forest at Shenzhen Bay,China     

LIU Chunyan  GUO Hongqin  ZHANG Xuehong  CHEN Jian 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(5):545-549

Mangroves are woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts that play an important role in these zones. The infrared wave band is one of the key bands in the remote sensing identification of mangrove forest, and ALI (advanced land imagery) has a large number of infrared bands. Two angle indices were proposed based on liquid water absorption at band 5p and band 5 of EO-1 ALI, denoted as β_1.25 and β_1.65 respectively. A decision tree method was adopted to identify mangrove forest using remote sensing techniques for β_1.25-β_1.65 and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) for EO-1 ALI imagery acquired at Shenzhen Bay. The results showed that the reflectance of mangrove forests at band 5p and band 5 was significantly lower than that of terrestrial vegetation due to the characteristics of coastal wetlands of mangrove forests. This resulted in a greater β_1.25-β_1.65 value for mangrove forest than terrestrial vegetation. The decision tree method using β_1.25-β_1.65 and NDVI effectively identifies mangrove forest from other land cover categories. The misclassification and leakage rates were 4.29% and 5.11% respectively. ALI sensors with many infrared bands could play an important role in discriminating mangrove forest.  相似文献   

超低仰角扫描改进雷达观测台风的探讨     

徐八林  刘黎平  吴昌叨  王改利  解莉燕 《高原气象》2012,31(1):251-257

利用长乐雷达超低仰角探测资料,对比分析了台风"海棠"和"蔷薇"的超低仰角和0.5°仰角PPI回波资料的差别。结果表明,在不受或尽量少受地物影响的情况下,雷达合理选用超低仰角探测是可行的,且在低层降水回波探测方面效果较0.5°仰角好,特别在远距离探测能力方面有明显改进,一般在距离>100km后探测能力较0.5°仰角有明显优势。雷达超低仰角反映出的台风云块的分布比较清晰,雷达加入超低仰角探测对台风低层探测和预警有一定程度的改进。降低0.12°后的超低仰角探测可提前台风预警时间和提早约2～6个体扫;提高台风探测范围约1.09倍,其他几次体扫的对比情况也反映出降低仰角,0.31°仰角比0.48°仰角提高台风"蔷薇"探测范围约为2.1%～9.6%。雷达超低仰角提高探测台风云体低层结构的同时,更易受近距离海浪杂波的影响,海浪杂波有时可能干扰对台风结构的判断,应引起注意。在选取多大的超低仰角时,应兼顾二者关系。  相似文献   

平均入射角道集PP波与PS波联合反演   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

石瑛  芦俊  杨震  杨春 《地球物理学报》2015,58(12):4617-4627

在界面两侧地层的弹性参数弱反差的假设难以成立的情况下,本文提出用平均入射角道集进行PP波与PS波的联合反演.首先,在PP波与PS波AVA(amplitude versus angle,振幅随入射角变化)道集的基础上,分别选择小入射角范围与大入射角范围的AVA道集进行局部加权叠加,以获得由两个角度组成的平均入射角道集,并作为后续反演的输入数据.然后,再通过最小二乘原理建立了PP波与PS波联合反演目标函数,推导了模型修改量的向量公式,建立了平均入射角道集联合反演的流程.模型数据与实际数据的测试结果表明:在信噪比较低、地层弹性参数反差较大、层厚较薄的情况下,该反演方法的精度在很大程度上超过了基于近似反射系数的反演方法,为复杂油气藏勘探提供了新的思路.  相似文献   

Damage response of multistorey r/c buildings with different structural systems subjected to seismic motion of arbitrary orientation          下载免费PDF全文

Konstantinos Kostinakis  Konstantinos Morfidis  Hariton Xenidis 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(12):1919-1937

In the present study the combined influence of seismic orientation and a number of parameters characterizing the structural system of Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings on the level of expected damages are examined. For the purposes of the above investigation eight medium‐rise buildings are designed on the basis of the current seismic codes. The structural characteristics examined are the ratio of the base shear received by the structural walls, the ratio of horizontal stiffness in two orthogonal directions and the structural eccentricity. Then, the buildings are analyzed by nonlinear time response analysis using 100 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes, forming 72 different angles with the structural axes. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the Park and Ang damage index. The results of the analyses revealed that the damage level of the buildings is strongly affected by the incident angle of the ground motion. The extent at which the orientation of the seismic records influences the damage response depends on the structural system and the distance of the record to the fault rupture. As a consequence, the common practice of applying the earthquake records along the structural axes can lead to significant underestimation of structural damage. Also, it was shown that the structural eccentricity can significantly differentiate the seismic damage level, as well as the impact of the earthquake orientation on the structural damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Displacement amplification factors for steel eccentrically braced frames          下载免费PDF全文

Ahmet Kuşy𝚤lmaz  Cem Topkaya 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(2):167-184

Inelastic deformation capacity of links is a factor that significantly influences design of steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The link rotation angle is used to describe inelastic link deformation. The link rotation angle is generally calculated by making use of design story drifts that in turn are calculated by modifying the elastic displacements by a displacement amplification factor. This paper presents a numerical study undertaken to evaluate the displacement amplification factor given in ASCE7‐10 for EBFs and the rigid‐plastic mechanism used for calculating link rotation angles. A total of 72 EBFs were designed by considering the number of stories, the bay width, the link length to bay width ratio, and the seismic hazard level as the prime variables. All structures were analyzed using elastic and inelastic time history analyses. The results indicated that the displacement amplification factor given in ASCE7‐10 provides unconservative estimates of the story drifts. On the other hand, the rigid‐plastic mechanism provides conservative estimates of link rotations. Based on the results of the numerical study, a new set of displacement amplification factors that vary along the height of the structure and modifications to the rigid‐plastic mechanism were developed. In light of the proposed modifications, the EBFs were redesigned and analyzed using inelastic time history analysis. The results indicated that the proposed modifications provide improvements for the displacement amplification factor and link rotation angle calculation procedures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Polarimetric scattering model for estimation of above ground biomass of multilayer vegetation using ALOS-PALSAR quad-pol data     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

Forests are important biomes covering a major part of the vegetation on the Earth, and as such account for seventy percent of the carbon present in living beings. The value of a forest’s above ground biomass (AGB) is considered as an important parameter for the estimation of global carbon content. In the present study, the quad-pol ALOS-PALSAR data was used for the estimation of AGB for the Dudhwa National Park, India. For this purpose, polarimetric decomposition components and an Extended Water Cloud Model (EWCM) were used. The PolSAR data orientation angle shifts were compensated for before the polarimetric decomposition. The scattering components obtained from the polarimetric decomposition were used in the Water Cloud Model (WCM). The WCM was extended for higher order interactions like double bounce scattering. The parameters of the EWCM were retrieved using the field measurements and the decomposition components. Finally, the relationship between the estimated AGB and measured AGB was assessed. The coefficient of determination (R²) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.4341 and 119 t/ha respectively.  相似文献   

钙质砂的休止角研究与工程应用     

金宗川 《岩土力学》2018,39(7):2583-2590

砂土的天然休止角对土堆设计、基坑设计和边坡稳定性研判有重要的指导意义。砂土的天然休止角受土颗粒的摩擦特性、颗粒形状、粒径和含水状态等诸多因素的影响。开展了钙质砂的天然休止角试验,研究了多种因素对钙质砂天然休止角的影响规律。结果表明：钙质砂3种常见颗粒形状中,片状休止角最大,枝棒状次之,块状最小;钙质砂天然休止角随着粒径的增大而增大;当平均粒径相同时,天然休止角随着不均匀系数的增大而增大,随着曲率系数的增大而减少;通过与标准石英砂的对比试验发现,石英砂的天然休止角小于钙质砂天然休止角。对现场钙质砂边坡测量后表明,钙质砂地基经过振冲挤密后基坑开挖最大坡角略大于室内测得的天然休止角。研究结果对钙质砂土堆和基坑设计等工程实践有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of Landsat‐7 and Landsat‐8 Data Using Image Processing Methods for Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping          下载免费PDF全文

Feizollah Masoumi  Taymour Eslamkish  Mehdi Honarmand  Ali Akbar Abkar 《Resource Geology》2017,67(1):72-88

Comparing spaceborne satellite images of Landsat‐8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat‐7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) was undertaken to investigate the relative accuracy of mapping hydrothermal alteration minerals. The study investigated the northern part of Rabor, which contains copper mineralization occurrences, and is located in the Kerman Cenozoic magmatic assemblage (KCMA), Iran. Image processing methods of band ratio, principal component analysis (PCA), and spectral angle mapper (SAM) were used to map the distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks associated with the porphyry copper mineralization. The band ratio combination of both sensors for mapping altered areas showed similar outcomes. PCA exposed variations in the spatial distribution of hydroxyl‐bearing minerals. The representation of hydrothermal areas using OLI data was more satisfactory than when using ETM+ data. SAM analysis found similar results for mapping hydroxyl‐bearing zones. Verification of the results came through ground investigation and laboratory studies. Rock samples (n = 56) were collected to validate results using thin sections, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and spectral analyses. Field observations and laboratory analysis revealed that phyllic and propylitic alterations dominate the alteration zones in the study area. Argillic and iron oxides/hydroxides alterations were observed to a lesser degree. The results indicate that alteration maps prepared by OLI data using PCA for visual interpretation are more suitable than those of ETM+ due to a higher radiometric resolution and lower interference between vegetation and altered areas. As the spectral bandwidth of ETM+ band 7 covers absorption feature of propylitic alteration, better mapping of propylitic alterations is achieved using ETM+ data.  相似文献